The Writing Process And What Good Quality Writing Looks...

In the writing process one of the stage is conferring. This is describe as a conference that is a one-on-one strategy that takes place between the student and the teacher. Conferring with my students is one of the best opportunity for me as a teacher and my student have direct and immediate feedback of the skills that are involved in their writing. When conferring with my students I can really give each child personalized feedback to improve their writing as well discussing what they have learned. In addition, I show them the writing process and what good quality writing looks like. During the conference the main focuses of the conference is teaching my students the writing process. â€Å"Conferencing lies at the heart of effective writing instruction because writing, unlike any other subjects, do not have a correct answer.† (Klein, 2011) â€Å"An example of writing is like playing a sport because you have to put a variety of skills together to hit the target.† (Klein, 2011) In this example, I am like the coach by helping my students hone in on their purpose of writing. One goal for conferencing with my students is to teach them one strategy that they could use to improve their writing and not look at editing. Lucy Calkins stated â€Å"We are teaching the writer and not the writing. Our decisions much be guided by ‘what might help this writer’ rather than ‘what might help this writing.† (Calkins, 1994) With this being said I will need to keep this in mind when working with my studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Conferring At The Heart Of Effective Writing Instruction837 Words   |  4 Pagesmake a decision. The writing conference is a one-on-one strategy that takes place between the student and the teacher. Conferring is one of the best opportunity for direct and immediate teaching of the skills that are involved in writing. In addition to these steps you are also teaching your student the writing process and good quality writing. The writing process it the main focuses of the conference. Conferencing lies at the he art of effective writing instruction because writing, unlike any otherRead MoreAre Video Games Therapy? Essays1100 Words   |  5 Pagessame observations to the act of playing a video game, one can see how playing a video game can be as effective as meditating. While playing a video game the mind is no longer focused on the stress of the day. The person playing the game is focused on the task of playing the game and alleviating the stress they may feel from everyday life. Juan Alcibar, a recovering soldier at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, says â€Å"When youre just sitting in your room thinking about what happened, it drives you crazyRead More Proposal Paper1554 Words   |  7 PagesProposal Paper Like the previous paper I enjoyed writing this one as well. I have been skiing for 14years, so this is something Im interested in. In the process of writing this paper I heard conflicting views from pro and con helmet sides. My dad was upset by the fact that I wrote about why you shouldnt wear ski helmets, because he wears one when he skis. 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Unfortunately, when I opened it, I saw that the cleats were used. The cleats had dirt all over it and there was a small tear in front of the part where the left toe would go. My order number is AF26168156. To resolve the problem, I would like you to credit my accountRead MoreChild s Play : The Impact On Youth Sports2120 Words   |  9 PagesPlay: The Impact on Youth Sports Espn survey asked about the positive effects of playing sports has on their children and the results were, physical health 88%, giving children something to do 83%, teaching discipline and dedication 81%, teaching how to get along with others 78%.(â€Å"Bruce Kelly†) These are mind blowing percentages that show that sports are helping kids in so many categories. 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Borderland Gloria Anzald�a Feminist Analysis - 935 Words

The call for feminism marks the beginning of an extensive journey with the quest to inspire women and to advocate women right in a male governed the world. Gloria Anzaldà ºa and Maxine Kingston both scrutinize feminism in the framework of â€Å"Borderland: La Frontera: The New Mestiza† and â€Å"The Women Warrior† encouraging women to occupy a strong position in the post-colonial male led civilization. The author both traces the journey of women struggle to achieve rewarding role within the structure shaped by men. The alliance of different voice from disregarded women gestures a strong theme that inspires Maxine Hong Kingston and Gloria Anzaldua to write enthusiastically within the feminist topic to dispute the patriarchal society. The author of†¦show more content†¦It is men who have the freedom of choice. Anzaldua describes how she experienced the feeling of being deviant towards society and not belonging to the community she lives in, â€Å"The queer are the mirror reflecting the heterosexual tribe’s fear: being different, being other than and therefore lesser, therefore sub-human, in-human, non-human† (Anzaldua, 1987). Acknowledging that someone is different from you in their thoughts, opinions, behavior, and appearance is not as easy as it may seem when these qualities matter to you. But acknowledging that being different is not better or worse—it is simply not the same—is what many people fail to do, often without even realizing how intolerant they are. The author herself, however, shows that she is in every way broadminded about her beliefs, her opinions, and even the language she speaks—the book is written equally in English and Spanish. The author naturally switches from one language to the other, showing not simply that she is bilingual, but that she is a human being above all other qualities, and it is the content, the meaning behind words that matters, not the form or language in which they are written. Maxine Kingston in â€Å"The Women Warrior† presents a traditional Chinese society that anticipates women not to decide what is best for them all by themselves. Kingston creates a woman who goes beyond this ritual culture constraint and who take up

Healthcare Ethics Consumption of Banned Drugs

Question: Discuss about theHealthcare Ethicsfor Consumption of Banned Drugs. Answer: Introduction: The study mainly helps in depicting the health care ethics, which could be followed in clubs in consumption of banned drugs. Moreover, the study also helps in stating the relative stakeholders, which are responsible for the ethical use of drugs in clubs. Furthermore, the principle virtues are able to depicted, which could help in stating the relative professional ethics used in clubs. The novice effectively states the legal and ethical defensible solution, which could be used in the given scenario. Moreover, the study effectively states the professional ethical dilemma, which is been faced by Kamil Samra in the given scenario. In addition, the two-stakeholder professional of the health care institute in the scenario that are affected from the health care scenario is effectively identified as Kamil Samra, and club managers. Moreover, Kamil mainly faces the ethical dilemma in allowing the banned drugs, which are used by the club managers to enhance the performance of their players. Furthermore, the club is mainly using the enhanced drug Thymosin beta-4, which enhances performance but also hampers health condition of the consumers. Farnan et al., (2013) mentioned that ethics is strictly followed in the professional world as it mainly reduces life expectancy of its users. On the other hand, Carrese et al., (2015) criticises that some players use the performance enhancing drugs, which are not banned by sports organisations. Both the stakeholders have their own dilemma, which needs to be fulfilled. Kamil is mainly the physiotherapist and specialist in treating musculoskeletal of the club, which falls under medic al ethics profession. However, the club manager is mainly liable for increasing the performances of its players, which could help in obtained victory. Discussion: The overall scenario mainly depicts the unethical use of banned drugs Thymosin beta-4, which is been used by AFL club to enchases the performance of its players. Furthermore, the banned drug is been provide by coach and sports scientists to the player, which is been depicted in the scenario. In addition, the scenario is also states that the club manager and management are all aware of the use of unethical drug in the premises. Furthermore, the management has effectively provided increased benefits to Kamil if he ignores the unethical use of drugs. Moreover, the family condition of Kamil is not in great condition, which in turn could ensure care for his poor ageing parents. In addition, the drug that is been used by the AFL club is mainly banned and is in breach of the anti-doping rules in sport. However, the players have to use the drug because of its contract with the AFL club. In addition, the players are not free to refuse the drug, which might affect their health in long-term. Moreover, the scenario mainly violates the legal rules, which is been stated by sport authorities. Furthermore, the principles and virtues of health care ethics in the scenario is been violated by the AFL club to achieve the targeted goals. In addition, the dignity and rights of stakeholders like players and Kamil are been violated in the scenario. The overall human dignity of the players is the main concern, which is been identified from the scenario. The banned Thymosin beta-4 drug might mainly hamper the overall health of the players, which in turn could violate the inherent value of that is been presented by God. In addition, the declaration of human rights mainly proclaims that all humans are created in the image of God and they have the inherent value of being treated equally (Doukas et al., 2013). However, the scenario mainly represents the inhuman act, which is been conducted by the AFL club on the players by forcing them to use drugs that could harm their health in long run. In addition, the virtues and principles of health care ethics in professional practise mainly rely on the Beauchamp Childress 4 principles of health care ethics. The four principles are mainly the backbone of the ethics, which are currently being used in the medical filed. The principles are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, which help in maintaining ethics in the medical field (Herring, 2014). Moreover, the current scenario mainly violates all the four principles that is been laid down in the health and care ethics. Doukas et al., (2015) mentioned that doctors and adequate medical personal for reducing the unethical measures conducted in treatments mainly take Hippocratic Oath. In addition, the first principles mainly state the Autonomy, which allows the person to have a say in the matter. However, the AFL club as its forcing its players to consume dangerous banned drugs, which violates the principle of Autonomy. In addition, the beneficiary principle is also been violated as the clubs management is only working for the interest of their personal gain and neglecting health of their players. The interests of the players are not kept in mind while forcing them to consume the health hazardous drug. In addition, the principle also focuses on the confidentiality terms, which needs to be maintained by the medial personal (Wynia, Papadakis, Sullivan Hafferty, 2014). However, keeping the unethical practises of the club could reduce authenticity of its medical profession and Hippocratic Oath taken by Kamil. Furthermore, the non-maleficence principle mainly states that medical personal are needed to take a Hippocratic Oath, which prevents them to segregate the treatments conducted on their patience. This oath mainly prevents any kind of negligence, which might be conducted by Kamil regarding health of the players. The justice principle mainly emphasises on the fairness and equality among individuals, which are not conducted by the AFL club. Doukas, McCullough Wear (2012) mentioned that ethical measures used by the doctors mainly prevent any use of unethical practises, which could hamper health of its clients. In addition, the above depicted principles mainly motivates Kamil to stop the AFL club mangers for using the banned drugs on their players. In addition, code of ethics and professional code of conduct that is identified in the scenario are Libertarianism and Deontology. These two depicted theories are mainly helpful in stating the overall dilemma of the scenario. In addition, deontology theory is mainly depicts the absolute rule, which must be followed by the medial personal in every case (Gholami-Kordkheili, Wild, Strech, 2013). According to this theory, Kamil could stop the use of the unethical drugs and report to the appropriate authorities regarding the situation. Moreover, the libertarianism theory mainly states the liberty, which must be delivered to each individual for conducting his or her activities. However, the contractual agreement of the players has mainly reduced the ability to refuse the consumption of Thymosin beta-4 drug. Moreover, the drug with the complaint from World Anti-Doping Agency was banned in 2016 (Stoff et al, 2016). The drug is mainly used for increasing the heart beat rate, which in turn ha mper future health of the individual. In addition, the legal and ethical defensible solution for the scenario could be made by depicting the laws like ACT Health Professional Act 2004, NSW Medical Practice Amendment Act 2008 and Various Whistle?blowers Protection Acts. In addition, above mentioned laws could effectively helped in building the defensible resolution, which could reduce the unethical use of drugs in AFL club. Moreover, the World Anti-Doping Agency has banned the drug Thymosin beta-4 from being used as a performance-enhancing drug among players. In addition, the health professional act 2004 mainly prevents the use of this drug as it directly affects long-term health of the players. Furthermore, the whistler blower act could mainly help in hiding Kamils identity, which could help in maintaining his integrity and work environment. However, Wells, Lehavot Isaac (2015) mentioned that WNDA has been effectively conducting surveys and tests, which help in detecting drugs, that might hamper health of the players in long run. Furthermore, the above-mentioned laws depicts the unethical measures, which is been taken by AFL club mangers. In addition, Kamil with the help of WNDA could effectively prevent the forceful uses of the hazardous drugs and save the Hippocratic Oath. In addition, the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency could be tipped by Kamil regarding the unethical uses of drugs that is been banned by WNDA. Moreover, the agency and laws might mainly help Kamil to reduce the unethical measures that is been conducted in the premises of AFL club. Conclusion: The overall study mainly helps in depicting relevant1 theories, principles and laws, which could be used by Kamil for reducing the unethical measures conducted by the AFL club. In addition, the overall Beauchamp Childress 4 principles of health care ethics have been depicted the study to help Kamil in making the required ethical decision in the scenario. Furthermore, the use of ethical law, human rights and virtues has mainly helped Kamil in making the ethical decision of reporting the breach of the anti-doping rules in sport conducted by AFL. Lastly, with the help of adequate laws Kamil has developed a defensible solution for the scenario, which could prevent the use of health hazardous medicines. Reference and Bibliography: Annas, G. J., Crosby, S. S., Glantz, L. H. (2013). Guantanamo Bay: A Medical Ethicsfree Zone?.New England Journal of Medicine,369(2), 101-103. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency - Home. (2016).Ahpra.gov.au. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.ahpra.gov.au/ British Medical Association. (2012).Medical ethics today: the BMA's handbook of ethics and law. John Wiley Sons. Carrese, J. A., Malek, J., Watson, K., Lehmann, L. S., Green, M. J., McCullough, L. B., ... Doukas, D. J. (2015). The essential role of medical ethics education in achieving professionalism: the Romanell Report.Academic Medicine,90(6), 744-752. Doukas, D. J., Kirch, D. G., Brigham, T. P., Barzansky, B. M., Wear, S., Carrese, J. A., ... Lederer, S. E. (2015). Transforming educational accountability in medical ethics and humanities education toward professionalism.Academic Medicine,90(6), 738-743. Doukas, D. J., McCullough, L. B., Wear, S. (2012). Perspective: Medical education in medical ethics and humanities as the foundation for developing medical professionalism.Academic Medicine,87(3), 334-341. Doukas, D. J., McCullough, L. B., Wear, S., Lehmann, L. S., Nixon, L. L., Carrese, J. A., ... Kirch, D. G. (2013). The challenge of promoting professionalism through medical ethics and humanities education.Academic Medicine,88(11), 1624-1629. Farnan, J. M., Sulmasy, L. S., Worster, B. K., Chaudhry, H. J., Rhyne, J. A., Arora, V. M. (2013). Online medical professionalism: patient and public relationships: policy statement from the American College of Physicians and the Federation of State Medical Boards.Annals of internal medicine,158(8), 620-627. Frank, A. W. (2013).The wounded storyteller: Body, illness, and ethics. University of Chicago Press. General Assembly of the World Medical Association. (2014). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.The Journal of the American College of Dentists,81(3), 14. Gholami-Kordkheili, F., Wild, V., Strech, D. (2013). The impact of social media on medical professionalism: a systematic qualitative review of challenges and opportunities.Journal of medical Internet research,15(8), e184. Herring, J. (2014).Medical law and ethics. Oxford University Press, USA. Kaczmarczyk, J. M., Chuang, A., Dugoff, L., Abbott, J. F., Cullimore, A. J., Dalrymple, J., ... Pradhan, A. (2013). e-Professionalism: A new frontier in medical education.Teaching and learning in medicine,25(2), 165-170. Stoff, B. K., Scully, K., Housholder, A. L., Fabbro, S., Kantor, J. (2016). The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Ethics Pledge: I will put my patients' welfare above all other interests, provide care that adheres to professional standards of practice, provide care for those in need, and foster collegiality through interaction with the medical community.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,75(2), 445-448. Wells, D. M., Lehavot, K., Isaac, M. L. (2015). Sounding off on social media: the ethics of patient storytelling in the modern era.Academic Medicine,90(8), 1015-1019. What we do. (2016).World Anti-Doping Agency. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.wada-ama.org/en/what-we-do Wynia, M. K., Papadakis, M. A., Sullivan, W. M., Hafferty, F. W. (2014). More than a list of values and desired behaviors: A foundational understanding of medical professionalism.Academic Medicine,89(5), 712-714.

Survival Guide Essays - Adolescence, Educational Psychology

Survival Guide This book is exactly what it says it is ? a Guidebook or Manual for both parents and teens that offers insight and advice on a wide range of adolescent developmental concerns. Organized into convenient topical sections for both parent and teen readers, the text can be easily consulted when seeking advice on a particular issue, or simply read cover to cover. Either way, the reader will find a wealth of practical advice for both parent and teen. The authors approach their subject in a sympathetic and sensitive manner in an effort to ameliorate typical parent/teen confrontations. Sections intended for teen readers are highlighted in blue and written in a conversational style where the author is talking to the teen reader. Numerous quotes from other teens are interspersed within these sections to give the material a very user-friendly feel. Parents will find these sections very useful in that they provide a supportive and understanding perspective. They give teens a chance to step into the shoes of their parents and ponder their situation within a wide range of potential parental concerns. The primary content of the book is intended for parents and goes into more depth than a typical teen section. Illustrated with easy to follow graphic organizers, the section intended for parents is packed with numerous case histories, tables and charts, questionnaires, dialogues, and issues common to families with teenagers. Of particular importance are the case histories, dialogue, and issue boxes. The case histories are taken from real-life situations and present both problem and solution for a wide range of situations. These stories present the point of view of both parent and teen, which the reader can compare and contrast to his or her own situation. They also provide insight into the probable cause of the conflict as well as explaining how the problem was actually resolved. The issues sections present problems that parents and teens tend to argue about. Issues such as style of dress and friendships are written is such a way as to provide a helpful "middle ground" position for parents to take while struggling with a recalcitrant teen. The dialogue boxes present scenarios common to families dealing with teenagers. In addition to presenting a typical parent/teen conversation (such as playing music too loud or talks about drugs) these sections offer insight on how to discuss certain issues with your teens. Having such models to follow can be very helpful to a parent or teacher searching for the right words or ways in which to approach a controversial subject. In addition to the dialogue, the authors have also included advice at the end of dialogue sections that suggest several ways in which the stated problem might be reconciled. The numerous tables found throughout the text provide convenient, up-to-date data on a wide variety of issues. Parents and teachers alike can make good use of these tables, in particular, the section in the first chapter dealing with physical development. Entitled "Milestones of Early (ages 11 to 14), Middle (ages 15 to 16), and Late Adolescence (ages 17 to 18)", this section presents various developmental milestones in the context of the consequence for the child as well as the potential effect on the family. Of all the issues and concerns expressed in this book, the only section which parents may find objectionable concerns chapter eleven ? sexuality in adolescence. The authors seemingly approach this subject with a no-holds-barred policy. They discuss all possible sexual issues, from the more innocuous dating and foreplay concerns to controversial issues such as homosexuality, masturbation and pre-marital sex. Parents with strong religious convictions may take issue with a number of the authors' perspectives and recommendations. For instance, concerning the issue of early sexual experimentation the authors say: "...in itself early...sexual experience is not necessarily either abnormal or deviant... early sexual behavior ? although it may shock or disappoint you ? should not be regarded as a major catastrophe." Pg. 127 Concerning homosexuality the authors say: "...you have no choice but to accept that this (homosexuality) is the way things are. They cannot help being gay and they cannot change ? even if they want to." (Pg. 131) On the issue of deciding to become sexually active the authors say: "You (the teenager) are the only person who can make decisions about your body, your feelings, and your life." (Pg 132 in a section intended for teen readers) On the issue of "safe sex" the authors say: "Probably the most important thing to consider before you start having sex is how to avoid unwanted pregnancy." (Pg. 135

Article Critique #1 Essays - Abuse, Social Psychology, Persecution

Article Critique #1 Essays - Abuse, Social Psychology, Persecution SED 578 Article Critique #1 Bullying behaviors in school remains a major issue even today. Behaviors such as physical aggression, taunting, teasing, name-calling, threatening, social exclusion, and harassment have negative effects both socially and academically for students engaging in the behaviors and those targeted. They may become anxious and depressed, isolate themselves from peer groups, or even avoid school for fear of being bullied. Prevalence estimates suggest that bullying behavior is not limited to an isolated few students, but occurs across all strata and subgroups in most schools (Bradshaw & Waasdorp, 2011). Male students are more likely than female students to engage in these bullying activities and there is a rise in bullying during transition periods such as moving from middle school to high school. Children and youth who engage in bullying behavior may have a physical advantage, higher social status, or power in numbers, whereas those who are targeted by bullies are likely to be smaller in stat ure, poor or of different culture. There have been many programs suggested over the years to help prevent bullying behavior. One of these approaches to prevention is to build a positive environment for all students and to teach constructive responses. Holding school assemblies with speakers who highlight the harmful effects of bullying and to teach students how to identify bullies, then follow up with a focus on catching these students in the act and providing increasingly severe punishment. Additional programs may include conflict resolution, peer support systems, or working with individuals identified as bullies. Often, anti-bullying programs are implemented as a response to an already significant bullying problem. However, aggressive behavior developed at a young age tends to endure and escalate as the individual moves into late childhood and adolescence (Berthold Kellam, Rebok, Ialongo, & Mayer, 1994). Once these patterns of behavior become established in schools, intervention can be difficult. Schools respond to bullying by implementing more rules and applying more severe consequences, and if that does not work, the response is to make consequences more severe. Bullies often hold negative opinion of others, have difficulty resolving problems, and come from a hostile family associated with poor parental monitoring and authoritarian discipline styles. Bullies who observe these aggressive acts tend to view violence positively and model a need for power with enjoyment in hurting others. Thats why as teachers, beings a key influence in a students life, need to place a key focus on understanding the underlying problems of why these students are acting the way they are. Too often, school personnel focus on unwanted behaviors, and provide punitive consequences when these behaviors are observed. Rigby and Bagshaw (2003) found that approximately 50% of the adolescent participants perceived that teachers were more likely to yell at the bullies, a response that reinforces the same techniques used by the bully. When school policy is designed to punish unwanted behavior, students may not know what behavior is desired, and long-term behavioral change may not occur. Bullying often occurs when supervision is lacking, such as on the playground. Yet, even with greater attention to supervision and monitoring, teachers and other school personnel often do not recognize bullying incidents or the frequency of this behavior. Also, they do not always accurately identify the bully, often lack confidence in their ability to deal with a bullying situation, and tend to underreport these incidents. When educators dismiss bullying behaviors and do not intervene, it appears as if they support aggressive behaviors. Thus, when students believe that the school culture is one that ignores bullying, they are less likely to seek help. That is why we must pay close attention and make sure we have interventions ready to go when these kinds of issues arise. Bullying is a social concern and schools have an obligation to be active to prevent bullying behaviors. Collaborative approaches amongst teachers, school counselors, and families bring about a positive attitude in which the skills of educators support one another for the benefit of the students. We share school-wide considerations for bullying policies, and how school counselors, educators and parents can all lend their expertise to encourage and advance young adolescent development while also teaching and learning preventive strategies to reduce bullying behaviors in schools. Heinrichs, R. R. (2003).

C With a Line Over It What Does It Mean

C With a Line Over It What Does It Mean SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you gotten a prescription or note from a doctor or nurse with a mysterious symbol that looks like "c" on it? What does a c with a line over it mean? Is this some secret doctor code? We’re here to break it all down for you, and it’s actually simpler than you think! Read this guide to learn all about the meaning behind the c with a line over it medical abbreviation, where the abbreviation comes from, how it’s used, and other important medical abbreviations you should know. What Does a C With a Line Over It Mean? The letter "c" with a line over it is a medical abbreviation often used by doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals. The symbol looks like this: c. The c is almost always lower-case. This symbol actually has a very simple meaning. A c with a line over it just means "with". This abbreviation is often used on patient charts and prescriptions, as well as information or notes written by medical professionals. Where Did the C With a Line Over It Abbreviation Come From? Where did the c with a line over it medical abbreviation come from? "With" is a short word, so why don’t doctors just write it out? Doctors and other medical providers use many abbreviations in their work. There are two main reasons for this. First, because doctors and nurses need to do a lot of writing throughout the day (writing prescriptions, filling out patient charts, taking notes, etc.) abbreviations can help them save time, even if the abbreviations are for small words. Second, abbreviations can make notes or instructions more legible and easy to read. Have you ever heard someone joke about how bad doctors’ handwriting is? It’s a common problem that when a doctor or nurse is scribbling instructions or prescription information, some of their words can be difficult to read. This can cause serious issues if it makes it harder to care for the patient or results in the wrong care being given. Using clear abbreviations can reduce instances of illegible handwriting. But how did a c with line over it get chosen as the abbreviation for "with"? The symbol c comes from the Latin word cum. While this word is often used as a slang word in modern English, in Latin cum means "with." Common phrases with this Latin word include graduation honors such as magna cum laude (with great praise) and summa cum laude (with highest praise). That’s where the "c" part comes from, and the line or bar over the top of it was added to differentiate it from the regular alphabet letter. How Is C With a Line Over It Used? Now you know that a c with a line over it means "with," but how is it actually used? Basically, anytime you use the word "with" you can just replace it with the symbol! Here are some examples of ways a doctor or nurse may use this abbreviation. Take medication c water = Take medication with water Recommendation is for surgery c physical therapy to follow = Recommendation is for surgery with physical therapy to follow Refill only c doctor approval = Refill only with doctor approval Symptoms are nausea c vomiting = Symptoms are nausea with vomiting You’ll most likely see the c symbol used on a prescription you receive, in your patient chart, or in notes or instructions given to you by a doctor or nurse. What Are Other Common Medical Abbreviations? Abbreviations are an important and common practice in the medical world. Below is a chart with some other medical abbreviations that are often used. Most of them are related to prescriptions since patients usually see a c with a line over it medical abbreviation on their prescription information. Some of these abbreviations may be written in all caps, some in all lower-case. Either way they mean the same thing; it’s just the personal preference of the person writing the abbreviations. Medical Abbreviation Meaning Ä  (a with a line over it) Before ABX Antibiotics AC Take before meal CC With food PC Take after meal MDD Maximum daily dose that can be taken p (p with a line over it) After PRN As required QD 1 medicine a day QHS At bedtime QOD Every other day s (s with a line over it) Without Conclusion So, what does a c with a line over it mean? A c with line over it medical abbreviation is a common abbreviation used by doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals to take the place of the word "with." The symbol c comes from the Latin word for "with," which is cum. Abbreviations are useful in the medical world because they make it faster to write instructions and information, and they can also make those notes easier to read. The c with a line over it symbol can be used any time you’d use the word "with," and you’ll most likely see it on prescription information or your medical chart. Abbreviations are used often in medicine, and you should look up any you don’t know to be sure you understand the information you're given. What's Next? Thinking about getting into healthcare administration, but not sure what kind of qualifications you need? Learn more here with our expert guide to getting a healthcare administration degree.

Trends in Contemporary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Trends in Contemporary Society - Essay Example This will be followed by an exploration of the cellular phone and its relevance today. Looking at the trend of banning cell phone use while driving, this section will explore the ways in which the cellular phone is perceived of as a hazard while driving. Finally, we explore television as the most ubiquitous technological phenomenon and the ways in which this media helps further democracy and free thought. Significantly, technological trends are at the forefront of social change and the following will explore a multitude of technological trends and look at their social significance. iPod, through its parent company Apple Computers, has fundamentally transformed the ways in which people listen to music. Whether it is through the Ipod personal audio system, downloaded tracks through iTunes, or through the highly popular innovation of the iPhone, Apple has successfully appealed to its target demographic through a variety of innovative means. iPod has successfully outmaneuvered nearly all of its adversaries within the personal music field and radically transformed an industry. Whether it is the iPod shuffle, the iPod touch, classic or nano, this particular product continues to innovate and thus has maintained its supreme position at the helm of the personal listening device field. With bright new flashy skins, as well as a series of interfaces which tie directly into the Apple network, the innovation of the iPod continues and has ensured that this product remains at the forefront of an ever-changing industry. Teenagers are the primary audience for Apple’s st rategic marketing campaigns as they are also an important buying demographic unencumbered by major financial obligations. Teenagers are the demographic who may be able to afford to spend $250 on the latest iPod or the accessories associated with the latest personal mp3 player. Because teenagers often have more disposable and non-discretionary income than most other demographic groups, they

Financial Planning and the Unsystematic Risk Statistics Assignment

Financial Planning and the Unsystematic Risk Statistics - Assignment Example Therefore, during winter, people will prefer buying winter tyres and when summer sets in, the demand for dry weather tyres will be high. i. The best asset for Gemma to choose is Rolls-Royce since it has the highest monthly real return coefficients. This implies that they will guarantee a high interest as opposed to those with low return percentage. The objective of making an analysis of a company’s fundamentals is to find the intrinsic value of the stock as opposed to the value with which the stock trades at in the market. Therefore, in carrying out an analysis, if the intrinsic value happens to be more than the current share price, then it shows that the stock is worth much value than its price and it makes sense in buying a stock. However, if this is not the case, then using the stock-analysis strategy like in the case of Gemma is not useful. In addition, the stock-pricing strategy offers a lot of information in an intangible and unmeasurable manner. It is easy to find some aspects of the company that are quantifiable. Such aspects include profits and they are quite easy to find. However, it is quite difficult to measure the qualitative factors such as the competitive advantages of a company, company staff and the reputation of the company. Therefore, the aspects make the picking stocks a subjective and intuitive process thus not suitable in such a case. In addition, the human element evident in the forces moving the stock market, the stocks cannot do whatever one anticipates that they will do since there is a likelihood of having a change in emotions quite unpredictably. Therefore, when confidence turns into some fear, the stock market can be a bit risky and dangerous. Therefore, this also contributes to the decision by Gemma not to use the stock-pricing strategy. i. In order to protect their portfolio of shares, Mark Brisley and Evie Petrikkou used the call and put options. The put option allowed them to sell assets at a given agreed on price while the call shows the right to buy shares at an agreed price.  

Incest in America Essay Example for Free

Incest in America Essay Nowadays, incest is viewed as one of the most harassing aspects of child abuse, since it is likely to result in psychological trauma and cause long-lasting negative effects in terms of healthy personality development. Governor’s Commission on Domestic Violence defines incest as â€Å"overt and/or covert sexual contact or acts between people who are related genetically, by marriage, by living arrangements, or in whom a child perceives a trusting relationship, for example parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, step-parents, foster parents. Incest is one of the most common forms of child sexual abuse† (Governor’s Commission on Domestic Violence, 1996, p. 37). Unfortunately, the U. S. statistics on this topic is barely available, as the entitled researchers have access merely to reported cases, which give following information: 46 per cent of child rapists are family members, 70 per cent of whom have been at least once imprisoned (ibid). Nevertheless, the statistics suggests that incestual relationship might occur even in ‘non-deviant’, ‘decent’ nuclear families, because the positive correlation between the rapist’s previous crimes and child sexual abuse points merely to the fact that such crimes are more frequently discovered. The causes of incest can be categorized into three groups: biological, sociological and psychological. Biological factors indicate that certain percentage of inbreeding is important: â€Å"any system of inbreeding that is reasonably possible would not greatly reduce the heterozygosity of the population† (Williams, 1994, p. 1167), but this approach doesn’t actually clarify the reasons for child sexual abuse. Sociological perspective is oriented to societal factors, such as popularization of sexuality in its different forms (including illegal distribution of child pornography) and the societal roots of deviance as the violation of sociocultural patterns of sexual behavior: in macrosociological terms, sexual assault of children might be rooted in social inequality, distortion of family constructs (family roles and responsibilities) and anomia, i. e., poor implication of moral values in certain society of community (ibid). Psychological factors also enjoy diversity that includes the presence of personality, mental health and sexual disorders (pedophilia) and predispositions to sadistic behavior in abusers, so that family members can use sexual assault as a form of punishment as well as the means of satisfaction their sexual needs. It needs to be noted that incest is unacceptable from both sociological and psychological positions, so this crime intrinsically implies certain either social or personality pathology (Sedlack and Broadhurst, 1996). The main effects of incest on child can be explained through the influence of the abuse on child behavior and the coping mechanisms, which arise in response to the harassment. First of all, the child experiences fear and powerlessness, since they can no longer control his/her life and body, if the victim is aged over 7-8, he/she normally feels shame, responsibility and guilt, as the small individual already understands that normal order of things has been upset, but still has underdeveloped mechanisms of cognition to realize the depth of the problem. Furthermore, such traumatic experience detaches the child â€Å"from non-offending parents, brothers and sisters. This isolation often leads to the child being labeled as different, a problem, or in some way different from their siblings. Children feel betrayed because they are dependent upon adults for nurturing and protection and the offender is someone who they should be able to love and trust. They may also feel betrayed by a non-offending parent who they believe has failed to protect them† (Putnam, 1989, p. 271). If the assault takes places regularly throughout the long period, the underage victim is likely to suffer from nightmares and flashbacks, including hysterics, unexplainable tearfulness, rapid and momentary mood changes. Moreover, the research reports the increase of aggressiveness in such children: such destructive impulses can be directed either on child’s personality (and consequently affects ‘internal world, thoughts, reflections) or towards external objects and other individuals (including the abuser and non-offending family members). Adams argues that both overt and emotional (treating the child like one’s partner without direct sexual assault) incest finally amplifies the victim’s aggressiveness, hostility and irritability, and substantially inhibits his/her social skills, making the child reluctant to establish new contacts with coevals (Adams, 1991). As for the coping mechanisms, the victims of intrafamilial sexual assaults usually develop memory suppression, dissociation and denial. Memory suppression implies voluntary forgetting of the negative emotional states, ensured during the abuse. The victims therefore attempt to separate the negative incest experience from conscious awareness. â€Å"Dissociation is a way in which some children survive abuse by escaping mentally while the abuse is happening. The body and the mind seem to separate. While the body is being hurt, the child no longer feels it because the mind manages to escape to a perceived safe place. Different children may dissociate in different ways. One example is leaving the body and floating on the ceiling over the bed where the abuse is occurring† (Williams, 1994, p. 1171). Denial, as a rule, has two forms: denying the fact of incest and disclaiming the negative moral evaluation, which can be given to the fact (‘It’s not actually wrong’). The most dangerous about these mechanisms is their critical impact on the victim’s social functioning, as these defenses are aimed at maintaining physical survival, neglecting thus the related deterioration of emotional state. Those family members, who become aware of intrafamilial sexual assault, normally decide on the strategy of non-intervening, since this phenomenon often takes place in authoritarian families, where everyone has certain degree of fear for the perpetrator. Due to the fact that the forceful sexual contacts usually occur between male adults and female children (father and daughter) (Governor’s Commission on Domestic Violence, 1996) and that the same male adult often commits violence over his spouse, it is possible to presume that the entire family is intimidated by the perpetuator. As for the impact on the criminal him/herself, this person, as psychological research suggests, gradually develops sadistic propensities (Williams, 1994) and expresses cruelty when sexually abusing the child. If family haven’t yet noticed the internal incestual relationship, the perpetuator utilizes certain methods of maintaining secrecy and becomes more reserved and reticent even in the most trivial daily routines. Moreover, such criminals become increasingly more cunning and create a special communicative code, understandable only for his/herself and the child in order to enhance the organization of incestual relationship. In addition, perpetuators also use denial and rationalization as defense mechanisms (ibid), since intrafamilial sexual assault causes psychological trauma in the abuser, who breaks his/her moral convictions or the basic principles of societal coexistence. The major indicators of incest include: 1) child’s confessions/reports; 2) noticeable fear of certain family member; 3) extremely sophisticated understanding of sexual behavior; 4) â€Å"persistent and inappropriate sexual play with peers, toys, animals or themselves; 5) sexual themes in the childs artwork, stories or play; 6) sleep disturbances and nightmares; 7) marked changes in appetite; 8) parentified or adultified behaviour e. g.acting like a parent or spouse; 9) poor or deteriorating relationships with peers; 10)self-mutilation: cutting of arms, legs, burning home made tattoos. Suicidal feelings and suicide attempts† (Saunders et al , 2001, p. 8). The elimination of post-incestual effects usually correlates with treatment for post-traumatic disorder, but it is important to note that such trauma might cause irreversible changes in the victim’s convictions and perceptions (in adulthood – coitophobia, sociophobia, claustrophobia). As a rule, psychiatrists use cognitive processing therapy in order to provide appropriate cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitization concerning the negative memories; dynamic play therapy (using puppets when expressing fears); art therapy; family therapy (aimed at supporting the victim’s re-adjustment to the family environment) and attachment-trauma therapy (based upon placing the child into emotionally warm and friendly environment) (ibid). Similar psychological aid should be provided to the perpetuator: either in mental health or in penitentiary institutions they receive special cognitive-behavioral training, pharmaceutical treatment, but as a rule, the major intervention frameworks insist on complete separation of the abuser from the victim (Putnam, 1989), as the childhood experiences tend to return after meeting the perpetuator. Works cited Adams, K.(1991) Silently Seduced: When Parents Make Their Children Their Partners, Understanding Covert Incest. HCI. Governors Commission on Domestic Violence. (1996). The Children of Domestic Violence: A Report of the Governors Commission on Domestic Violence of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Putnam, F. (1989). Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press. Saunders, B. , Berliner, L. and Hanson, R. (2001). Guidelines for the Psychological Treatment of Intrafamilial Child Physical and Sexual Abuse. Charleston, SC: Authors. Sedlak, A. and Broadhurst, D. (1996). Executive Summary of the Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Williams, L. (1994). Recall of Childhood Trauma: A Prospective Study of Womens Memories of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 (6): 1167-176.

I Wish to Follow in the Steps of Hubert Harrison Essay -- Personal Nar

Diversity Statement - I Wish to Follow in the Steps of Hubert Harrison    Hubert Henry Harrison was born in 1883 in St. Croix, Virgin Islands, and became, by the 1920s, one of the nation's most prominent atheists.    Harrison was a controversial figure from an early age. Coming to New York City at 17, he used his knowledge of foreign languages to land a job with the postal service. This permitted him to pursue his passions for learning and writing. This latter pursuit soon landed him in hot water with his bosses, however, when he wrote an article critical of Booker T. Washington, a darling of the establishment.    In 1905 he turned to the law as a profession, but continued his writing, and also became a popular speaker. By age 24 he was contributing book reviews to the Sun, the Tribune, The Nation, and The New Republic.    Harrison served as editor of the magazine The Masses for four years. Soon, Harrison was one of the foremost intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance, which was marked by a number of exciting, talented freethinkers.    Harrison's knowledge ... ...as too much to overcome, especially in addition to the racial prejudice which Harrison faced.    The measure of his success is not to be found in the history books, but in the recollections of those who knew and were influenced by him, and the contemporary press accounts of his achievements.    Harrison died in New York at the age of only 44. He left a legacy as one of the most outstanding persons of his day, a champion of the underprivileged and oppressed, a freethinker who overcame many obstacles to become a man to be admired by all.

Nike stock Valuation

Summary Sections – Valuation Reasons about using FCC analysis Computing FCC from Net Income and SCOFF & Computing FACE from Report Introduction Nikkei is the largest footwear company in the world selling footwear, apparel, equipment through 25,000 retailers. As a stable, yet fast growing company, Nikkei is facing several obstacles in its core section. In this report, we have done thorough business analyses using Porter's Five Force and SOOT approach to get the fundamentals of market condition here Nikkei stands.In the second step, we finished the estimation of the investment value and risk of Nikkei by FCC, PEE Ratio and RIM. Finally, we give the recommendation of buy on Nine's share and the target price is $63. 17. Note: All the calculation formula and processes are listed in the Appendix. The company's dividends policies are not stable every year, sometimes Nikkei does not pay any dividends. In some years the company pays dividends but the dividends paid differ significantly from the company's capacity to pay dividends.Moreover, FCC align with profitability within a reasonable forecast period with which the analyst is comfortable. Last, the investor takes a control perspective in Nikkei company as well as there was an M&A in year 20008. Under the circumstances like this, we consider FCC models to be more useful than EDM in practice. Assumption: 0 There is no preferred stock in Nikkei.

4P analysis of Phoenix Essay

The success of Phoenix Satellite Television starts with the accurate positioning. According to research, in 2011, the coverage of Phoenix Chinese Channel in southern China including Gudgeon and Axing province enjoyed a dominant position among all the areas In China. Meanwhile, administration and enterprise network have become the main channels for people to watch Phoenix TV. More than 65% of people have watched Phoenix Chinese Channel through administration cable network specifically. The number is still gradually increasing in recent years. As it is dated on the 201 2 Annual Report of Phoenix Satellite Television Station Holdings Limited, the dally viewing of Phoenix Chinese Channel among business executives rose 28% year-on-year, and maintained as the fourth most popular channel compared with CATV General, CATV News, Dragon TV and so forth. Phoenix Chinese Channel as well as Phoenix Infernos Channel also receives a high level of audience attention in offices and hotels where people who enjoy high income such as general manager, CEO and partner of an organization are easy to be spotted. Apart from equines world, Phoenix TV has also gained its popularity in political field. Ghana Goal’, the member of the Political Bureau of the CPA Central Committee, described Phoenix TV as his old friend, praising the contribution that Phoenix has made to promote cultural communication between China and western world. Therefore, having examined all the characteristics of TV population, it is not hard to find the clear market segmentation of Phoenix. Individuals who own high educational background, possess a high position with high income are carefully targeted, which earns the information and news content tot Phoenix TV have been made to satisfy the tastes and interests of this group of viewers. By doing so, Phoenix defines exactly who they want to reach, making itself stand out from many other TV channels in Greater China. Based on its well-positioned target market, Phoenix has built some solid strategies from different perspectives to reach its audiences effectively. First of all, it is the product that is the essential part of any company and the most direct link between customers and an organization. The most important products of Phoenix, apparently, are programmers. Phoenix TV, including 6 channels, contains a variety of programmers, ranging from political and financial news and current affairs through live broadcast and talk shows to films, music reviews as well as mini-series in both China and foreign regions. Programmers of Phoenix are quite comprehensive and insightful, especially In Phoenix Chinese Channel. Besides Its core products, Phoenix has made an effort in multi-media platform. Phoenix New Media Limited, one of the subleases of Phoenix, has formed a partnership with the British Broadcasting Corporation and the National Film Board of Canada successively to provide foreign regaining on Phoenix’s digital media platforms in China. At the same time, Phoenix Metropolis Holdings Limited engages in the outdoor media business In China by offering outdoor advertising services on giant-sized LED panels. Since the Internet tofu developing multi-media products indeed helps Phoenix to remain competitive in this new age. Another strategy that Phoenix employed to adapt to the new marketing environment is to think global, act local’. The launch of Phoenix CANE and Phoenix North America Chinese Channel could serve as a great example. Focusing on the overseas Chinese, tot two channels contain several well-known programmers such as Asian Journal and Good Morning China, as well as some in-house programmers including Europe Today and Experience America. Whilst those well-known programmers are responsible for the brand building of Phoenix and keeping overseas audience informed on the situation in China, in-house programmers meet the demands of understanding the local life of foreign countries. That is to say, local news and cultural information provide a practical help towards overseas Chinese. Due to the successful use of marketing strategy, Phoenix is now experiencing the ‘maturity eroded in its product life cycle after the process of introduction and growth. The story of Phoenix is about to reach its climax. The Phoenix’s strategy of pricing is not uncommon in media industry. As the Phoenix Satellite TV has grounded in Gudgeon Cable TV Network, each family only needs a set-top box and 25-RHOMB monthly fee to subscribe the Phoenix TV. As for the products via other media platforms, the price of Phoenix Weekly has been raised because of the growth of production cost, but the sales are not largely affected. Basically, watching Phoenix TV programmers online is free. If people would like to pay ARM monthly, they could enjoy all programmers in high-definition format without any advertisement. The third significant factor, place, or specifically distribution, could influence the sales of products greatly. Different products need different distribution strategies. In the case of Phoenix TV, as a satellite broadcaster, the primary distribution method is by Assist AS. However, unsurprisingly, there is another way in mainland China. As Ill Change mentioned in the interview with the Washington Post in 2005, ‘only hotels, universities and certain state employees were supposed to receive Phoenix, but students began installing satellite dishes illegally to pick it up. The censorship is still strict, but it would not dampen the enthusiasm of people to watch Phoenix. Although the specific approaches in mainland China, Hong Kong and other countries are slightly different, the main distribution strategies could be divided into two categories: direct distribution and indirect distribution. The traditional television and magazines allow people to obtain the news content and inform ation from broadcasters directly, whilst the Internet become the middleman during the process of distribution. TV programmers could be seen on the official website of Phoenix, and readers could find the magazine’s article in APS. With the advancement of Internet, indirect distribution may become the most common distribution strategy of media products. Among all the TV stations. In this sense, the most crucial strategy is to construct in- house celebrities covering hosts, reporters and commentators. Sally We, Chin Lulu and Tiger Huh, they are all superstars that have been made by Phoenix. Their strong personal style not only becomes the symbol of themselves, but makes their programmers as personal brands. In other words, the individual image and reputation have been related to the programmers closely. Therefore, it would be a situation either double-win or double-lose. Besides, the use of cultural celebrities has also become a wise choice for Phoenix to improve its reputation. Hosting the programmer Eight Minutes Reading, Liana Wended, for instance, successfully attracts more attention from his previous readers. Apart from this, social media has been considered as a useful platform for promotion. Like many other TV stations, Phoenix owns various accounts on different platform including, Webb and Weight.

Punctuating So at the Beginning of a Sentence

Punctuating So at the Beginning of a Sentence Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence By Maeve Maddox A reader remarked on my punctuation of so at the beginning of several sentences in a recent post: No commas after â€Å"so† as you have used here in your examples! Here are two of the offending sentences: So, how was the interview? So, what should we do now? These examples appear in a discussion of a use of so that is common in spoken English. The written form I gave them represents a style of casual speech. It’s questionable if so can even be called a conjunction in contexts in which it is difficult or impossible to discern what thoughts are being joined. Formal written English treats the punctuation of so at the beginning of a sentence differently. Some speakers feel strongly that the conjunction so shouldn’t begin a sentence at all: I almost fainted when I read the email about the acceptability of beginning sentences with [a conjunction]. I’m firmly in the camp that believes starting a sentence with a conjunction is an error. Although such feelings persist, authorities like The Chicago Manual of Style do not share them: There is a widespread belief- one with no historical or grammatical foundation- that it is an error to begin a sentence with a conjunction such as and, but, or so. In fact, a substantial percentage (often as many as 10 percent) of the sentences in first-rate writing begin with conjunctions. It has been so for centuries, and even the most conservative grammarians have followed this practice.- CMS, 5.206. In formal writing, in contrast to a casual style, a so that begins a sentence is not followed by a comma. Lucius Caesar died at Massilia in 2 CE.; two years later, Gaius Caesar succumbed to a wound he received fighting against Armenian nationalists. So Augustus adopted Tiberius as his son in 4 CE and got him tribunician power and consular imperium for ten years. Note: If a beginning so is followed by a parenthetical expression, a set of commas is needed: So, misinterpreting Ragland’s order, Nolan told Lucan to send the Light Brigade on a frontal attack against the Russian guns. Related posts: Beginning a Sentence with And or But Can And or But Begin a Sentence? Can You Start Sentences with â€Å"And† or â€Å"But†? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymePrecedent vs. PrecedenceTitled versus Entitled

Geodesy and the Earths Size and Shape

Geodesy and the Earths Size and Shape Earth, with an average distance of 92,955,820 miles (149,597,890 km) from the sun, is the third planet and one of the most unique planets in the solar system. It formed around 4.5 to 4.6 billion years ago and is the only planet known to sustain life. This is because of factors like its atmospheric composition and physical properties such as the presence of water over 70.8% of the planet allow life to thrive. Earth is also unique however because it is the largest of the terrestrial planets (one that have a thin layer of rocks on the surface as opposed to those that are mostly made up of gases like Jupiter or Saturn) based on its mass, density, and diameter. Earth is also the fifth largest planet in the entire solar system. Earths Size As the largest of the terrestrial planets, Earth has an estimated mass of 5.9736 Ãâ€" 1024 kg. Its volume is also the largest of these planets at 108.321 Ãâ€" 1010km3. In addition, Earth is the densest of the terrestrial planets as it is made up of a crust, mantle, and core. The Earths crust is the thinnest of these layers while the mantle comprises 84% of Earths volume and extends 1,800 miles (2,900 km) below the surface. What makes Earth the densest of these planets, however, is its core. It is the only terrestrial planet with a liquid outer core that surrounds a solid, dense inner core. Earths average density is 5515 Ãâ€" 10 kg/m3. Mars, the smallest of the terrestrial planets by density, is only around 70% as dense as Earth. Earth is classified as the largest of the terrestrial planets based on its circumference and diameter as well. At the equator, Earths circumference is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 km). It is slightly smaller between the North and South poles at 24,859.82 miles (40,008 km). Earths diameter at the poles is 7,899.80 miles (12,713.5 km) while it is 7,926.28 miles (12,756.1 km) at the equator. For comparison, the largest planet in Earths solar system, Jupiter, has a diameter of 88,846 miles (142,984 km). Earths Shape Earths circumference and diameter differ because its shape is classified as an oblate spheroid or ellipsoid, instead of a true sphere. This means that instead of being of equal circumference in all areas, the poles are squished, resulting in a bulge at the equator, and thus a larger circumference and diameter there. The equatorial bulge at Earths equator is measured at 26.5 miles (42.72 km) and is caused by the planets rotation and gravity. Gravity itself causes planets and other celestial bodies to contract and form a sphere. This is because it pulls all the mass of an object as close to the center of gravity (the Earths core in this case) as possible. Because Earth rotates, this sphere is distorted by the centrifugal force. This is the force that causes objects to move outward away from the center of gravity. Therefore, as the Earth rotates, centrifugal force is greatest at the equator so it causes a slight outward bulge there, giving that region a larger circumference and diameter. Local topography also plays a role in the Earths shape, but on a global scale, its role is very small. The largest differences in local topography across the globe are Mount Everest, the highest point above sea level at 29,035 ft (8,850 m), and the Mariana Trench, the lowest point below sea level at 35,840 ft (10,924 m). This difference is only a matter of about 12 miles (19 km), which is quite minor overall. If the equatorial bulge is considered, the worlds highest point and the place that is farthest from the Earths center is the peak of the volcano Chimborazo in Ecuador as it is the highest peak that is nearest the equator. Its elevation is 20,561 ft (6,267 m). Geodesy To ensure that the Earths size and shape are studied accurately, geodesy, a branch of science responsible for measuring the Earths size and shape with surveys and mathematical calculations is used. Throughout history, geodesy was a significant branch of science as early scientists and philosophers attempted to determine the Earths shape. Aristotle is the first person credited with trying to calculate Earths size and was, therefore, an early geodesist. The Greek philosopher Eratosthenes followed and was able to estimate the Earths circumference at 25,000 miles, only slightly higher than todays accepted measurement. In order to study the Earth and use geodesy today, researchers often refer to the ellipsoid, geoid, and datums. An ellipsoid in this field is a theoretical mathematical model that shows a smooth, simplistic representation of the Earths surface. It is used to measure distances on the surface without having to account for things like elevation changes and landforms. To account for the reality of the Earths surface, geodesists use the geoid which is a shape that is constructed using the global mean sea level and as a result takes elevation changes into account. The basis of all geodetic work today though is the datum. These are sets of data that act as reference points for global surveying work. In geodesy, there are two main datums used for transportation and navigation in the U.S. and they make up a portion of the National Spatial Reference System. Today, technology like satellites and global positioning systems (GPS) allow geodesists and other scientists to make extremely accurate measurements of the Earths surface. In fact, it is so accurate, geodesy can allow for worldwide navigation but it also allows researchers to measure small changes in the Earths surface down to the centimeter level to obtain the most accurate measurements of the Earths size and shape.

Critically analyse the requirements for protecting the shape of a Essay

Critically analyse the requirements for protecting the shape of a product as a registered trademark and as a registered design u - Essay Example Critically Analyse the Requirements for Protecting the Shape of a Product as a Registered Trademark and as a Registered Design under EU Law By Student Name Course Institute Date Introduction Intellectual property rights protection and enforcement are usually left to national laws of the EU member states. However, as a result of the common market principles, the EU has increasingly harmonized intellectual property protection and enforcement. ... n the Regulation relative to the Community designs as they have direct effect in the Community whereas Directives provide the content that Member states are required to implement into law.11 However, since a number of important cases were decided under the EC Directive on the harmonization of trademarks, the EC Directive and Regulation will be discussed relative to the EU’s trade mark law and protection of shapes. This paper will be divided into two main parts. The first main part of this paper will discuss and analyse the EC Regulation and Directive and case law relative to the registered protection of shapes as a registered design. The second main part of this paper will discuss and analyse EC Regulation and Directive and case law relative to the registered protection of shapes as a registered. The Requirements for Protection of Shapes as Registered Design By definition a design is a â€Å"legal instrument† that provides protection for â€Å"creations that take the f orm of the external shape of products or of parts of products†.12 However, in order to be a registered design and to be accorded Community protection, the shape must be â€Å"new† and have â€Å"individual character†.13 Even where the shape is new and has individual character, and forms part of a design, it must be â€Å"visible during normal use†.14 Normal use is defined as â€Å"use by the end user,† and does not include â€Å"maintenance, servicing or repair work†.15 The visibility rule is obviously meant to ensure that any part of the design or any shape to which protection is sought as a registered design, must be seen by those who use the product. After all, one of the main functions of intellectual property protection is to prevent imitations and free riding off the reputation and labour of another.16

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Business Law - Essay Example This means that there is unlimited liability and the owner will be responsible personally to repay any debts that may arise from the business. An electrical contracting business would require large amounts of capital to set up and then run the day to day activities. Such limitless capital would not be available with a single person who plans to open a new business, thus he may resort to borrowing or taking loans from lenders. This too is not a guaranteed way to acquire capital as lenders would be unwilling to invest in a new business controlled by a single person with unlimited liability. They would want the personal assets of the owner to cover their loans so that in case of default in the repayment, the assets might be used to recover the loan provided. Secondly, an electrical contracting business needs sophisticated machinery and constant supervision. A single person will not be able to control and supervise 24/7, causing mismanagement which the competition can take advantage of. However, a sole proprietorship is easy to form and dissolve as it does not include legal formalities for starting and closing a business. Although a business such as an electrical contractor would require a government license giving permission to produce and supply electricity which would require certain conditions to be fulfilled. A sole proprietor does not need to share his profits with anyone and he pays minimum income tax as he is not a partnership or a corporation which pay a large proportion of their profits in tax. Electrical contracting business as a Partnership An electrical contracting business being set up as a partnership means ownership is shared between 2 to 20 people. This means that the business will have greater capital and credit resources. A partnership is governed by the law and follows a written document known as the partnership agreement. This document contains all the provisions necessary for smooth running of the business for example managerial duties, share of profits etc. A partnership too can be formed relatively easily as compared to a company. Forming a partnership for conducting an electrical contracting service would require a government license. This license can be achieved relatively easily as compared to sole proprietor business. A partnership consists of two or more thus each person can utilize their managerial skills and benefit the business. For example a partner who is an electrical engineer can work on the machines while another partner who is an accountant can manage the accounts of the business and ensure smooth running. A partnership means the risk of the business is spread over the numerous partners thus one person does not have to take the burden. However, a partnership has unlimited liability as well. This means that all the personal assets of the partners are at risk and a bad decision by one partner can result in loss for all the partners. Being a partnership there is still a limit to the amount of capital that ca n be acquired thus the business has a limitation on the size. Lastly, a partnership will be subjected to large amounts of taxes under the law. A partnership can acquire several types of tax id numbers, e.g.  A Federal EIN Number - The Federal Tax Identification Number is used to identify a business entity and is required for employers and corporations as well as partnerships. A State Sales Tax Id - Sales tax

The UK manufacturing sector has declined significantly over the last Essay

The UK manufacturing sector has declined significantly over the last 40 years - Essay Example This structural change had created disturbances in the labour market as jobs had to be redistributed from declining to growing sectors leading to significant shifts in the design of industrial specialisation at both the national and regional level (Robson 2006). Changing patterns of domestic demand—Pattern of domestic demand saw changes due to economic development. With the maturity of the economy the consumer demand changed from goods to services. Due to increased presence of public sector services, it led to growth of tertiary sector. The shift in UK demand for manufactured goods grew faster than expected, which was hardly relevant for a bigger changeover for the UK industries producing goods. As the pattern of demand is also impacted by changes in the age structure of population, it affected the demographic pattern by 1.68M less people in the age group of 16-24 in 1996 in comparison to 1981. Growth in education, recreation and entertainment sectors suffered due to lack of resources. Statistics show that between 1983-1993, the total actual consumer spending at 1990 prices increased by 33.5% but on recreation, entertainment and education it increased by 55% while on food items it went up only by 11.3% (Lam 2010). Changes in the availability of resources—the availability of resources, as it happened very unexpectedly with oil finding in 1973 and 1979 when OPEC decreased the production of oil, its prices shot upward. It directly affected the substitutes and compliments prices like coal, gas and cars. It affected the production and employment in energy-related industries such as steel industry (Griffith 2003). International competition and globalisation—has been a force affecting the economic structure of the UK. Due to changing consumer tastes, introduction of new products and reducing comparative costs, economic functions got reallocated globally. For example, the UK motor-cycle industry could not meet the standards,

Teamwork discovery Essay Example for Free

Teamwork discovery Essay Describe team members’ results on the Discovery Wheel and Develop your multiple intelligences exercises. What similarities and differences exist within the team? Looking at our team results as individuals, it appears that we have all had a surprising look into ourselves accurately. We all have learned things about ourselves that we did not realize in the past. For instance, Jacob learned he would like to bring up his reading, Kathleen wants to be more time managed as she grows in her schooling she has learned, Nicole learned she wants to work on many areas in her growth with schooling, and Joni learned she needs to learn how to do testing better throughout schooling as well. Our team has the similarity of a high strength in Purpose. This is pretty much the only prominent high score as a team that we have in common. In the same since, we have looked at our results and we all have many differences. Like mentioned before, Kathleen, Jacob, Nicole, and Joni all want to improve areas throughout their course in their studies in schooling. Kathleen feels she will be stronger as a person once she is able to control her time management, Jacob feels one his reading becomes better he will be able to do better in school and in his life further down the road, Joni feels if she can do a test with less stress she will be able to pass them and accomplish much more through school. As a team we work well together through our weaknesses, because we are all different and have strength in the areas where others are lacking; therefore we work well as a team. 2. What are the advantages of having diversity on a team? What challenges might the team face because of diversity? As a team, we feel there are great advantages to having diversity on a team. We believe that diversity can bring a lot to a team; you can learn new points of view, opinions on how things are being done, and various ways of study that could help each other out. These are advantages, but they can also be seen as challenges in a team as well. The way these areas could be seen as a challenge is, if a team member is set in on specific way of study, does not do well with listening to how things could be approached differently, or they are just plain â€Å"set in their own ways†, then this could cause challenges. 3. How might factors such as diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles affect team building? Factors such as diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles may affect team building if one or more team members are unwilling to adapt to change that may take place; or even the styles of how people learn being different may become an issue. Work styles of how some team members want to get the job done right away and others procrastinate. Many of issues can arise while building your team. Once your team is built, you will know who is strong in areas and you will know where they will be needed the most. 4. Describe team members’ results on the Career Interest Profiler, and the Career Plan Building Activity-Competencies. What similarities and differences exist within the team? As the team, we scored high on Purpose and averaged in mostly everything else. Our low score came in at Reading. Our team has the similarity of Purpose, and a few of us paired up on other areas on where we scored, but overall we have many of differences on how we feel our areas need to be worked on. The differences are that some of us may have scored high in timing and low in other areas, but we fail to have time management. 5. How can you use the knowledge gained in the Career Interest Profiler, and the Career Plan Building Activity-Competencies to improve the performance of the Learning Team? We will stay on task and set early deadlines to make. This will help keep stress levels down to be able to complete the assignments at hand. We will stay in communication better with one another and post more often to find out what is needed; and if there is any confusion it can be clarified within the team or by the instructor if needed. This is what we learned to improve the performance of the Learning Team. 6. What obstacles might arise from different ethical perspectives among team members? There are many obstacles that could arise from ethical perspectives from a team. These obstacles can range from politics, religion, gender, race, or language. The list may go on even further, but these are major obstacles our team could think of. 7. How might these factors, diversity, attitude, learning and work styles, and ethical perspective be used to resolve conflicts? As a team we feel that diversity could be used to solve a conflict by learning the different ways of study that diversity may have to offer. Attitude can resolve conflict if the team comes forth as positive key players and are willing to keep an open mind without taking things personally. Learning new ways and being open to different ways of others’ ways of learning can resolve conflict as well. Taking in consideration that each individual is different and work in different styles may help resolve any conflict with work styles; try different work styles before just assuming you do not like them and keep in consideration they may work for other team members.

Workplace Violence :: essays research papers

A summary paper for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of the Pacific Union College Degree Completion Program leading to a Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice Administration. Napa Valley College November, 1999 INTRODUCTION Preface This paper is intended to explore the issues of violence in the workplace. It does not recommend a specific course of action or purport to address all of the issues associated with the problem. It is my desire to examine particular elements of workplace violence with the idea that I may author a policy for my employer. Background Crime continues to be a controversial topic in American society. Debate regarding the cause of crime may be found in the media on any given day. What to do about crime is also the topic of much discussion. 5.5 million people were on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole at year’s end 1996. (U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.) Many changes have taken place within the Department of Corrections in California during the 1990s. Most significantly, dwindling financial recourses have reshaped the priorities of the department. It cost $21,470 a year to house an inmate in a California state prison. (Inmate Costs, 1997-1998 p.1 Corrections: Public Safety, Public Service). There are currently about 161,033 inmates in California Prisons. Since staffing levels must remain more or less constant, it is inmate programs that suffer from lack of funding. Criminals sentenced to prison are under the custody of the Department of Corrections. In addition to fiscal pressure, the department is subject to political pressure at all levels. Public reaction to crime is responsible for the denial of weight yard and other recreational activities; â€Å"Three Strikes†, and the loss of conjugal visits. All place varying levels of stress upon inmates and staff. Nature of the Problem Violence is universally recognized as a pervasive part of contemporary American society and of our Nation’s past as well. Many of the attempts to understand the phenomenon have been made in response to specific situations, such as the lawlessness of the prohibition era, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and the urban riots of the mid 1960’s. (Roth) I work for the California Department of Corrections. I am on a two-year assignment as the Employee Relations Officer. Many people understand the title to mean that I am to be an employee advocate. I am, but not for that reason.

Continental/Fintelco Jv Case Analysis Essay

1. Is entry into the Argentine market a good strategic move for Continental? Entering Argentine market in 1993-1994 was a good strategic decision for Continental as one of the TOP5 cable TV companies in the US despite certain risks for several reasons: 1. Changes in the US regulatory environment created additional challenges for Continental’s core business: 1992 Cable Act limited the cable TV companies’ ability to raise cable rates whereas costs at market prices reached up to $2000/subscriber. This inevitably led to constrained profit margins 2. US market began saturating: long-standing competition on the market coupled with growing demand and consumer selectivity has led to further squeezing margins and forced companies to seek for diversification of revenue streams –by entering non-traditional cable markets, capturing smaller niches, or expanding overseas. 3. Argentine cable TV marked lagged in behind US market by almost a decade: cable TV penetration barely re ached 50%, subscription growth rates approached 60-70% in selected areas. Also, the market was only beginning to consolidate around 4 major players – more than 50% of the market was controlled by a thousand of smaller operators. Although Buenos Aires was relatively more mature market, other regions and provinces presented lucrative opportunities. Telephone, satellite, and other adjacent markets had untapped future opportunities. So far, emerging Argentine promised much brighter prospects for cable TV companies than saturating US. 4. Argentine macroeconomic indicators exhibited positive dynamics despite high level of uncertainty: indeed, after a decade of political turmoil and military rule Argentine was finally building a democratic civilian government. During four years preceding the acquisition, Carlos Menem and Domingo Cavallo launched effective economic and political reforms, including deregulation and privatization in TMT and other major sectors. In particular, legislation became very favorable to foreign investors. However, Argentine was suffering from hyperinflation and chronic recessions during the previous decade. Moreover, political risks were becoming more and more tangible as presidential elections of 1995 approached. As a result, the beta for Argentine was two times as high as that for the US. Is Fintelco an appropriate venture partner? Fintelco possessed at least three characteristics of a good venture partner: a. Knowledge of local market including cultural, political, and regulatory background as well as customer programming tastes. Basically, buying a successful incumbent is one of the best potential moves while entering â€Å"terra incognita† b. Fintelco had strong presence in various regions and owned licenses in MDDS and satellite, which created solid base for revenue streams diversification and future growth. c. Fintelco was still owned and managed by its founder, a prominent serial entrepreneur with diversified assets. Liberman had a very hands-on approach in business, and thus secured complete alignment of incentives between the management and the owners. 2. What are the major opportunities and risks you see in the venture? Success factors and opportunities (excluding market opportunities mentioned above): a. Personal and professional â€Å"click† between Samuel Liberman and Amos Hotsetter indicated good potential for constructive and conflict-free partnership. b. Similar growth strategies and vision: both companies grew using clustering strategy and capturing operating efficiencies by consolidating subscribers geographically. c. Limited access to capital markets in Argentine: Continental had access to capital markets in the US which could significantly foster business development in a country with scarce financial resources. Risks&Concerns: a. Active involvement of Fintelco’s founder and owner in business operations has also created certain problems. For instance, it resulted in a sort of nepotism – many key positions were held by Liberman’s direct relatives. Thus, potential restructuring and changes in management would be complicated. Also, after an acquisition Liberman would have 50% ownership, which could decrease his involvement in this particular business and also led to incentives misalignment. Indeed, he had diversified businesses and could have been looking for a cash-out. Liberman’s full involvement and commitment were crucial for joint venture success. b. Fragmented regional market in Argentine commanded inorganic expansion trajectory for Fintelco, which in turn required capital commitment from both parties. A ceiling should have been established to limit uncontrollable capital pump and its inefficient allocation. c. Exchange rate risks: significant portion of revenue stream born currency exchange risk (peso vs. USD) regardless of geographical and product diversification. These risks were absolutely external and thus could have been hardly mitigated. 3. One could value Fintelco in either of the following ways: a. Peso cash flows discounted at peso rate and then value converted at the spot rate b. $US flows discounted at $US rate Which approach is more appropriate in this case? We analyzed assumptions required to adopt each of proposed approaches. Approach (b) – $US cash flow discounted at $US rate – assumes that: (1) Peso/$US rate would remain constant – despite stable projection of peso exchange rate till 1998, PPP implied exchange rate has a high range (0.999-1.436, 44%) and hence significant volatility. (2) $US discount rate reflects the risk of the project – As revenues of Fintelco are denominated in pesos while a significant portion of its liabilities, including interest expense and a portion of programming costs, would be denominated in $US, the project bears significant currency risk which is not reflected by US discount factor. Although the real currency of the industry in Argentina is in local currency Peso, we believe that finding a proper discount rate in Peso is quite tough and unreliable. Moreover discounting the Peso valuation with today’s exchange may be a biased approach. Hence what we prefer Ä ±s to conv ert the Peso cash flows to USD with the estimated USD/Peso rates for each period and then discount it with the US$ discount rate. 4. Is $80m for a 50% interest a fair value for Fintelco? Based on our valuation we believe that $80m for a 50% interest is a fair value for Fintelco. In our valuation we chose to be conservative with the assumptions as well as try to cover all possible risks and ran multiple iterations to obtain a good understanding of the value ranges. Our valuation is based on the following assumptions: (1) WACC of 15.35% calculated used 9.01% as Rd (BB rating), D/V ratio of 14.44% (current Balance sheet), Re of 17.07% (Lessard model) and tax rate of 40% (Exhibit 1). Beta was estimated using comparable companies (Exhibit 2). We recognize that D/V ratio as well as Return on Equity is subject to our judgment hence we assessed sensitivity of WACC to change in these assumptions. We estimated Re using 4 different models (Exhibit 3) and D/V at the level of comparable companies. WACC ranges between 10.77% and 17.19% (Exhibit 4). We believe that 15.35% is an adequate estimation of WACC reflecting both country and project risks. (2) Terminal growth of 4% based on our view of sustainability. We noticed that Fintelco’s projections imply 7% revenue growth however we do not believe that such high level of growth is sustainable in the long run, hence we suggest more conservative estimation. (3) Conversion to $US based on parity-implied exchange rates for 10yrs. We believe that due to difference in US/Argentina inflation rates over the long horizon only PPP-implied exchange rate reflects true value of money at any given point in time. We used it to convert annual peso free cash flows at the respective rate (Exhibit 5); We calculated terminal value using 2002 $US DCF value and Gordon Growth formula and arrived at Enterprise Value. We further subtracted net debt converted @1994 exchange rate to arrive to Equity Value in $US (Exhibit 6). We also calculated $US value based on spot rates (both official and PPP-implied) to assess sensitivity of the model (Exhibit 7) and concluded that our estimation is reasonably conservative and reflects country’s currency risk adequately. (4) 30% private penalty discount – as Fintelco is a private company, we discount its value further for 30% to account for lack of liquidity. Exhibit 8 contains the summary of our valuation under different scenarios. We concluded that though there are scenarios under which value of 50% share of Fintelco is below $80m, probability of these scenarios occurring is fairly low. Our base case scenario uses Lessard’s model for Return on Equity calculations, PPP-implied 10 years forecasted exchange rate and 30% private penalty discount (result highlighted). 5. In the course pack there is a reading (Estrada (2007)) about valuing offshore projects using techniques proposed by Lessard, Godfrey and Espinosa, Goldman Sachs and Salomon Smith Barney. What assumptions underlie each approach? The reading Estrada 2007 describes four models for evaluating investment opportunities in developing markets. Each model estimates a required return on equity by attempting to incorporate country and/or project-specific risk. Unlike the CAPM, none of these models has reached the level of standard-bearer in the finance community, and each rests on critical assumptions that must be considered before using them in a project assessment: The Lessard Approach: R = Rf + MRP*(ÃŽ ²p* ÃŽ ²c) * Assumes that the country beta is a good approximation of country-specific risks (political, sovereign, and expropriation) * Assumes that the risk of a project is not related to the risk of the country (e.g., ÃŽ ²p for oil industry may be low, but should be high for a country which has a history of expropriation) * Assumes that investors do not value the effect of global diversification that the project would bring the company The Godfrey and Espinosa Approach: R = (Rf + YSc) + MRP* [0.60*(ÏÆ'c/ ÏÆ'w)] * Assumes that the yield spread, which measures default risk, is an appropriate risk premium to capture sovereign risk associated with an offshore project * Applies a value (60%) that reflects the average risk reflected by the stock market but not the bond market across all developing markets, thus ignoring country-specific correlations * Assumes that the project’s risk is solely dependent on location. It does not factor project or industry-specific risk Goldman Sachs: R = (Rf + YSc) + MRP* [1- Ï SB * (ÏÆ'c/ ÏÆ'w)] * Assumes that the yield spread, which measures default risk, is an appropriate risk premium to capture sovereign risk associated with an offshore project * Assumes that the project’s risk is solely dependent on location. It does not factor project or industry-specific risk Salomon Smith Barney: R = Rf + MRP* ÃŽ ²p + [{Ï’1 + Ï’1 + Ï’3)/30]*YS * Assumes that three factors can be measures on a scale from 1 to 10 in a robust and consistent way: the company’s access to capital markets, susceptibility of project to political risk, and financial importance of project to the company) 6. Would you suggest any modifications to the structure of the deal? The structure of the transaction described in the case is to form a joint venture. Continental will: c. Purchase 50% of equity stake in Fintelco for USD 80 million. d. Commit to provide USD 70 million of capital for acquisitions and investments in technology upgrade at Fintelco. Samuel Liberman undertakes to provide another USD 70 million for the investments. e. Fintelco will bear a significant currency risk on its balance sheet, as its revenues are in peso, but liabilities, interest expense and programming costs are in US dollars. f. Continental will provide technical assistance to Fintelco on cost basis. g. The deal contained an exit agreement, the so called â€Å"shotgun deal†, whereby after four years the partners could sell to each other our trigger an outright sale to the third party. The terms of the transaction are in our opinion fair for both parties. When being a financial advisor of Continental, we would suggest: * That the commitment to invest USD 70 million in the target company is stated clearly, structured with limited recourse to the new shareholder to prevent undertaking a blanco commitment to invest capital. * Share purchase agreement between Continental and Samuel Liberman contains certain clauses about representations and warranties of both parties to mitigate the risk of financial loss in case of â€Å"window dressing† of the target company. * Shotgun clause to contain more substance over the price of the transaction in the future, giving a call and a put option to both contractual counterparties: * If one party will not wish to sell in the future at a certain price, it will undertake to purchase 50% shares in the target company from the other party at the price it declined to sell at.